麻黄细辛附子汤对肾阳虚外感小鼠及正常小鼠的效-毒作用研究

目的研究麻黄细辛附子汤(MXF)干预肾阳虚外感小鼠的药效作用及其对正常小鼠的毒性作用差异,并考察其效-毒作用机制。方法BABL/C雄性小鼠随机分为正常组、正常毒性低、中、高剂量组;肾阳虚外感模型组;肾阳虚外感低、中、高剂量组,连续灌胃给药6 d,记录体重、肛温等药理指标并观察小鼠的一般体征,检测生化指标、炎症因子。结果药效实验中,与正常组小鼠相比,肾阳虚外感模型组小鼠生化指标肌酸激酶(CK)、肌酸激酶-同工酶(CK-MB)、羟丁酸脱氢酶(α-HBDH)、乳酸盐脱氢酶(LDH)、丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)、天冬氨酸转移酶(AST)、碱性磷酸酶(ALP)、尿素(urea)含量明显升高(P<0.05),炎症因子白介素-6(IL-6)、单核细胞去化蛋白(MCP-1)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、白介素-10(IL-10)、干扰素-γ(INF-γ)以及白介素12(IL-12p70)含量升高明显(P<0.05)。经给药治疗后,各给药组CK、ALT、urea等生化指标含量较模型组有所回调,各给药组IL-6、IL-10、IFN-γ等炎症因子含量较模型组有不同程度的回调;毒性研究中,各给药组生化指标CK、urea、半胱氨酸(CYS-C)的含量较正常组显著升高(P<0.05),炎症因子白介素-10(IL-10)含量明显上升、白介素-12(IL-12p70)含量明显下降(P<0.05)。结论经MXF给药治疗后,肾阳虚外感给药组小鼠的一些生化指标均有不同程度的回调,MXF可通过调节IL-6、IL-10、IFN-γ、MCP-1、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)等炎症因子改善机体的炎症反应;而正常小鼠给予不同剂量的MXF后心脏、肝脏和肾脏功能出现失调,机体通过细胞转移、打破免疫应答的平衡,从而使正常小鼠出现炎症反应。     

Executive summary from American Radium Society’s appropriate use criteria on neurocognition after stereotactic radiosurgery for multiple brain metastases

BackgroundThe American Radium Society (ARS) Appropriate Use Criteria brain malignancies panel systematically reviewed (PRISMA [Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses]) published literature on neurocognitive outcomes after stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) for patients with multiple brain metastases (BM) to generate consensus guidelines.MethodsThe panel developed 4 key questions (KQs) to guide systematic review. From 11 614 original articles, 12 were selected. The panel developed model cases addressing KQs and potentially controversial scenarios not addressed in the systematic review (which might inform future ARS projects). Based upon quality of evidence, the panel confidentially voted on treatment options using a 9-point scale of appropriateness.ResultsThe panel agreed that SRS alone is usually appropriate for those with good performance status and 2–10 asymptomatic BM, and usually not appropriate for >20 BM. For 11–15 and 16–20 BM there was (between 2 case variants) agreement that SRS alone may be appropriate or disagreement on the appropriateness of SRS alone. There was no scenario (among 6 case variants) in which conventional whole-brain radiotherapy (WBRT) was considered usually appropriate by most panelists. There were several areas of disagreement, including: hippocampal sparing WBRT for 2–4 asymptomatic BM; WBRT for resected BM amenable to SRS; fractionated versus single-fraction SRS for resected BM, larger targets, and/or brainstem metastases; optimal treatment (WBRT, hippocampal sparing WBRT, SRS alone to all or select lesions) for patients with progressive extracranial disease, poor performance status, and no systemic options.ConclusionsFor patients with 2–10 BM, SRS alone is an appropriate treatment option for well-selected patients with good performance status. Future study is needed for those scenarios in which there was disagreement among panelists.     

Characterization of MGMT and EGFR protein expression in glioblastoma and association with survival

Journal of Neuro-Oncology - Understanding the molecular landscape of glioblastoma (GBM) is increasingly important in the age of targeted therapy. O-6-Methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT)...     

清脑汤治疗H型高血压84例

目的:观察清脑汤治疗H型高血压的临床疗效及对同型半胱氨酸、血脂的影响。方法:选择2016年10月至2018年12月在本院就诊的168例H型高血压患者为研究对象,按照随机数字表法分为对照组和治疗组,每组各84例,对照组采用非洛地平缓释片治疗,每次5 mg,每日清晨口服,治疗组采用中药清脑汤治疗,日1剂,水煎服,分2次温服。两组均以7 d为1个疗程,均连续治疗4个疗程。观察两组患者治疗前后血压、血脂水平和心功能。结果:治疗后,治疗组日间收缩压、夜间收缩压、日间舒张压、夜间舒张压较对照组明显降低,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);治疗后,治疗组同型半胱氨酸(homocystein,Hcy)、总胆固醇(total cholesterol,TC)、高密度脂蛋白(high density lipoprotein-C,HDL-C)及三酰甘油(triacylglycerol,TG)水平与对照组比较明显降低,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);对照组不良反应发生率为16.67%,治疗组不良反应发生率为5.95%,两组不良反应发生率比较,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05);治疗组每搏输出量(stroke volume,SV)、左心室射血分数(left ventricular ejection fraction,LVEF)高于对照组(P<0.05),左心室舒张末期内径(left ventricular end-systolic dimension,LVEDD)低于对照组(P<0.05);对照组有效率为73.81%,治疗组有效率为90.48%,两组有效率比较,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:清脑汤可以提高H型高血压患者的临床疗效,降低同型半胱氨酸及血脂的浓度。     

Diterpenes and their derivatives as promising agents against dengue virus and dengue vectors: A literature‐based review

Dengue, a mosquito‐borne viral disease, causes about 100 million cases of infection annually. It is a major public concern, and if left untreated or improperly diagnosed, may cause serious health problems or even death. Historically, dengue has not considered priorities for pharmaceutical companies made the available treatment options. Therefore, medicinal scientists are revealing new insights and enabling novel interventions and approaches to dengue prevention and control. Diterpenes, a class of terpenes have gained much attention due to their diverse biological effects. This review aimed at summarizing available evidences of diterpenes and their derivatives acting against dengue virus and their vectors. For this, an updated search was made in the databases: PubMed and ScienceDirect by using specific keywords. Among the 117 published reports, a total of 30 articles was included in this review. Findings suggest that a number of diterpenes and/or their derivatives act against dengue virus and their two potential vectors namely Aedes aegypti and Ae. albopictus. In conclusion, diterpenes and their derivatives may have the potential alternative therapeutic tools for the management of dengue virus and some associated diseases transmitted by Aedes mosquito.     

Maximizing Breast Cancer Therapy with Awareness of Potential Treatment-Related Blood Disorders

In this review we summarize the impact of the various modalities of breast cancer therapy coupled with intrinsic patient factors on incidence of subsequent treatment-induced myelodysplasia and acute myelogenous leukemia (t-MDS/AML). It is clear that risk is increased for patients treated with radiation and chemotherapy at younger ages. Radiation is associated with modest risk, whereas chemotherapy, particularly the combination of an alkylating agent and an anthracycline, carries higher risk and radiation and chemotherapy combined increase the risk markedly. Recently, treatment with granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF), but not pegylated G-CSF, has been identified as a factor associated with increased t-MDS/AML risk. Two newly identified associations may link homologous DNA repair gene deficiency and poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitor treatment to increased t-MDS/AML risk. When predisposing factors, such as young age, are combined with an increasing number of potentially leukemogenic treatments that may not confer large risk singly, the risk of t-MDS/AML appears to increase. Patient and treatment factors combine to form a biological cascade that can trigger a myelodysplastic event. Patients with breast cancer are often exposed to many of these risk factors in the course of their treatment, and triple-negative patients, who are often younger and/or BRCA positive, are often exposed to all of them. It is important going forward to identify effective therapies without these adverse associated effects and choose existing therapies that minimize the risk of t-MDS/AML without sacrificing therapeutic gain.

Implications for Practice

Breast cancer is far more curable than in the past but requires multimodality treatment. Great care must be taken to use the least leukemogenic treatment programs that do not sacrifice efficacy. Elimination of radiation and anthracycline/alkylating agent regimens will be helpful where possible, particularly in younger patients and possibly those with homologous repair deficiency (HRD). Use of colony-stimulating factors should be limited to those who truly require them for safe chemotherapy administration. Further study of a possible leukemogenic association with HRD and the various forms of colony-stimulating factors is badly needed.